Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR)

The ratio between the maximum instantaneous power and the average power of a transmitted waveform, typically expressed either linearly or in decibels. For a complex baseband signal s(t) over an observation interval T, PAPR = max_{t∈T}|s(t)|^2 / (1/T)∫_T|s(t)|^2 dt. It characterizes envelope peaks relative to mean power and applies to the radiated RF waveform after any pulse‑shaping or modulation.