Meta-Analysis

A quantitative synthesis method that combines numerical results from multiple independent studies measuring comparable effect sizes to produce a pooled estimate and its uncertainty, using explicit statistical models and methods for assessing and accounting for between‑study heterogeneity and bias.

A quantitative synthesis method that combines effect estimates and their uncertainties from multiple empirical studies on a common question to produce aggregated estimates and to assess between‑study heterogeneity and related inference in political-science research.