Differential Settlement

Relative vertical movement between distinct parts of a structure or its foundations caused by nonuniform ground compression, loading or consolidation that produces differential displacements and associated distortions or damage in structural and non‑structural elements.

Unequal vertical displacement between adjacent parts of a structure or foundation that produces relative movement (differential settlement and rotation) causing distortion, cracking, serviceability impairment or altered load paths; magnitude and consequences depend on the relative settlements, spacing, structural stiffness and tolerances rather than absolute settlement alone.