Buffer Overflow

An error in which a program writes more data into a fixed-size contiguous memory buffer than it can hold, overwriting adjacent memory and potentially causing crashes, incorrect behavior, or security breaches.

A condition in which incoming data (packets, frames, bytes) exceeds the available storage capacity of a buffer so that additional arriving units cannot be held and are therefore discarded, overwritten or otherwise lost, possibly producing application‑level data loss or corruption in systems without proper bounds checking.